Cov Ntawv Sib Nthuav Ntawv: Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev siv cov ntsiab lus tsawg ntawm cov khoom ua tsis zoo rau hauv cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm ib qho kev sib tawm.
N-type semiconductor thiab P-type semiconductor tuaj yeem tsim ua raws li cov khoom ntiag tug doped, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm tswj tau los ntawm kev tswj cov concentration ntawm lub xub pwg.
N-type semiconductor: N-type semiconductor yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv li cas (xws li phosphorus) mus rau hauv lub pob zeb uas yog silicon siv los hloov txoj haujlwm ntawm silicon atom rau hauv cov kab ua siv lead ua.
Txij li cov txheej txheej ntawm cov impurity atom muaj tsib nuj nqis electrons, ntxiv rau txoj kev ua daim phiaj cog lus nrog lub vuab tsoob silicon atom, ib qho ntxiv electron ntxiv. Cov hluav taws xob ntxiv uas tsis yog lub khauj khaum ntawm cov ntawv cog lus thiab ua dawb electrons. Nyob rau hauv hom N-type semiconductor, cov concentration ntawm free electrons yog loj dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov, yog li cov dawb electrons yog hu ua feem ntau cov neeg nqa khoom, thiab qhov yog cov neeg tsawg. Txij li thaum ib qho ua kom impurity atom muab tau electrons, nws yog hu ua tus neeg pub dawb. P-type semiconductor: P-hom semiconductor yog tsim los ntawm doping ib qho kev ua piv txwv (piv txwv li boron) mus rau hauv cov dej ntshiab silicon los hloov txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub silicon atom nyob rau hauv lub kwj cab siv lead ua.
Txij thaum txheej txheem txheej ntawm impurity atom muaj peb kev pom zoo electrons, thaum lawv ua ib daim phiaj cog lus nrog lub vuab tsoob silicon atom, qhov "vacancy" yog generated. Thaum cov hluav taws xob sab nraud ntawm lub silicon atom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis txaus siab, nws cov daim phiaj cog lus Lub qhov yog tsim nyob rau hauv nws. Yog li ntawd, nyob hauv P-type semiconductor, lub qhov yog ntau qhov chaw thiab cov dawb electrons yog cov tsawg. Txij li thaum cov chaw seem hauv cov tsev neeg tsis muaj zog, nqus cov electrons, lawv raug hu ua cov npe hauv tsev.
PN hlws tsev
PN hlawv: P-hom semiconductors thiab N-type semiconductors yog qhia ntawm tib lub pob zeb wafer siv ntau hom kev doping, thiab lub PN hlawv yog tsim ntawm lawv qhov interface.
Diffusion movement: Cov khoom no yeej ib txwm tsiv tawm ntawm qhov chaw uas cov concentration siab mus rau qhov qis concentration, thiab qhov txav vim qhov sib txawv hauv concentration ua ib qho kev tawm dag zog. Thaum ib hom p-type semiconductor thiab ib qho N-type semiconductor tau muab sib dhos ua ke, ntawm lawv qhov interface, qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qho khoom yog loj, thiab yog li qhov chaw nyob hauv thaj av ntawd P yog tas mus rau N cheeb tsam, thiab nyob rau tib qho lub sij hawm, lub cheeb tsam N Qhov dawb electrons kuj tsis zoo txaus rau hauv cheeb tsam P. Txij li cov dawb electrons diffused rau thaj tsam P coincide nrog rau qhov, thiab qhov tawg ntws mus rau thaj tsam N cov yeem nrog cov dawb electrons, qhov concentration ntawm ntau ions decreases nyob ze lub interface, thiab tsis zoo ions tshwm hauv thaj av P. Nyob hauv thaj av, thaj chaw zoo nyob hauv cheeb tsam N, thiab lawv yog cov uas tsis raug, thiab los ua qhov chaw tsub rau kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv ε.
Raws li qhov kev tawm suab nrawm, qhov chaw them nyiaj rau thaj tsam yog qhov dav, thiab qhov chaw ua hluav taws xob muaj zog. Cov kev taw qhia yog los ntawm N cheeb tsam N mus rau thaj av P, uas nyuam qhuav tshwm sim los npaj lub suab tawm suab.
Kev Tsiv Siab Tseg: Nyob rau hauv kev nqis tes ua hluav taws xob, lub suab ntawm cov nqa khoom raug hu ua kev tawm suab.
Thaum cov chaw them nqi thaj chaw tsim, hauv qhov kev nqis tes ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, cov haiv neeg tsawg muaj qhov kev tawm suab, cov qhov tsiv tawm thaj tsam N cheeb tsam mus rau thaj av P, thiab cov dawb electrons tsiv tawm thaj tsam P mus txog rau N thaj av. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam kev cia siab, ntau cov khoom sib koom hauv qhov kev tawm suab sib npaug yog sib npaug rau cov menyuam tsawg tsawg uas koom rau hauv txoj kev tawm suab, yog li ua tau zoo sib txawv thiab tsim kom muaj PN nkag. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, thaj chaw them nqi cheeb tsam muaj qhov dav, thiab qhov kev sib txawv muaj peev xwm yog ε = Uho, tam sim no xoom.