Kev txhais lus ntawm hnub ci vaj huam sib luag txog kev paub
Ua ntej, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hnub ci zog hluav taws xob: Hnub ci lub hlwb yog ib tug khub ntawm cov cuab yeej ua teb rau lub teeb thiab hloov lub zog ua hluav taws xob. Muaj ntau hom khoom siv uas tsim muaj cov teebmeem photovoltaic, xws li: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, thiab cov zoo li. Lawv lub hwjchim tsim tau zoo li qub, thiab kev siv lub hwjchim ua tau lub tswv yim tam sim no tau piav qhia los ntawm kev siv lub siv lead ua ib qho piv txwv. P-hom crystalline silicon yog doped nrog phosphorus kom tau N-hom silicon los tsim ib PN hlauv tsev. Thaum lub teeb ci ntom nti ntawm lub hnub ci ntawm tes, ib feem ntawm cov photons yog absorbed los ntawm cov khoom silicon; lub zog ntawm cov photons yog pauv mus rau lub silicon atoms, ua rau cov electrons txav ntau thiab ntau, thiab cov dawb electrons PN junctions muaj concentrated rau ob tog tsim ib qho muaj peev xwm sib txawv thaum lub Circuit Court Externally connected. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm no voltage, yuav muaj ib qho tam sim no ntws los ntawm sab nraud Circuit Court los ua kom muaj qee qhov tso zis. Tus essence ntawm tus txheej txheem no yog tus txheej txheem ntawm hloov photon zog rau hauv hluav taws xob zog.
Thib ob, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm polycrystalline silicon solar cells thiab electrocrystalline silicon solar cells. Lub neej thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm polycrystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb thiab monocrystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb zoo heev. Txawm hais tias qhov kev hloov nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov nruab nrab ntawm monocrystalline silicon solar cells yog li 1% siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov nruab nrab ntawm polycrystalline silicon solar hlwb, vim monocrystalline silicon solar hlwb tsuas yog ua rau cov quasi-squares (plaub sab yog arcs), thaum composing solar cell Modules Thaum ib feem ntawm qhov chaw puv, thiab polycrystalline silicon solar cell yog square, tsis muaj qhov teeb meem zoo li no, yog li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub hnub ci cell yog tib yam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li thaum cov txheej txheem tsim ntawm ob lub hnub ci ntawm tes yog txawv, lub zog siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim ntawm polycrystalline silicon solar cell yog txog 30% tsawg tshaj li ntawm cov monocrystalline silicon solar cell.
Cov roj ntsha silicon siv roj ua rau muaj roj ntau dua thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo, tiam sis tus nqi yog siab. Monocrystalline silicon hlwb tau tawg los ntawm txoj kev thaiv kev tshaj li ntawm 20% photodeltric conversion efficiency ntau tshaj 20 xyoo dhau los.
Polycrystalline silicon hlwb muaj tsawg tus nqi tsawg thiab kev hloov pauv tsawg. Kev tsim ncaj-kos cov kab uas siv crystal silicon solar cells, ntau yam xws li cov teeb meem hauv cov khoom xws li cov ciam teb, cov teeb meem, cov teeb meem me thiab cov khoom tsis haum, cov pa roj carbon thiab oxygen, thiab cov pauv pawg hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kabmob Hlau tau pom tias yog lub qhov rooj uas tsim qhov hloov dua tshiab ntawm cov cellulectric conversion ntawm polycrystalline silicon hlwb tsis tau tawg ntawm 20%.
Los ntawm qhov point of solid physics, silicon tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws photovoltaic khoom. Qhov no yog vim hais tias silicon yog ib qho yooj yim semiconductor khoom nrog tsawg lub teeb haum haum coefficient, yog li kev tshawb fawb ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv photovoltaic tau dhau los ua qauv. Ntawm lawv, cadmium telluride (CdTe) yog lees paub tias yog ob yam khoom plig zoo nkauj photovoltaic, thiab tau ua ib co kev kawm tau zoo, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ntau txoj hauj lwm ua los ntawm ntau qhov kev lag luam thiab sib tw nrog crystalline silicon solar cells.