Kev siv hluav taws xob tshiab yog lees paub tias yog ib lub high-tech hauv xyoo pua 21st. Raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog tshiab, qhov kev lag luam roj teeb tau los ua qhov chaw kub tshiab hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Tam sim no, lithium-ion roj tau siv los ua ib qho chaw tseem ceeb. Txawm nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv hluav taws xob los yog kev thauj mus los, nws plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab muaj kev sib qhia dav dav.
Lithium-ion battery yog hom roj teeb theem ob. Nws yog ib hom tshiab roj teeb uas tsim los ntawm lub lithium roj teeb. Nws tsuas yog cia siab rau lithium ions tsiv ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis pom zoo electrodes mus ua haujlwm. Txij li thaum xyoo 1970, ntau lub zog tshwj xeeb muaj zog lithium thawj roj siv cov lithium hlau ua ib qho tsis zoo electrode tau pib thiab dav siv.
Lithium-ion roj teeb muaj kev khiav hauj lwm muaj hluav taws xob, kev siab zog, lub peev xwm loj, me me nws tus kheej, lub voj voog, kev pab lub neej ntev, lub cev nyhav thiab me me. Nws yog ib tug sawv cev ntawm cov roj teeb uas niaj hnub ua thiab yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li xov tooj ntawm tes thiab phau ntawv teev cov lus qhia. Lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum yog los ua ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob cord hauv yav tom ntej.
Cov keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb nyob rau hauv Suav teb tsis ntev, tab sis nws yog tsim heev ceev ceev. Nyob rau hauv 2012, tag nrho cov zis ntawm ion roj teeb nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj ncav cuag 4.18 billion. Nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb lithium-ion roj teeb, Suav, Nyiv thiab South Kauslim tau tsim muaj peb-legged teeb meem. Cov kev tsim technology ntawm Tuam Tshoj lub lithium-ion roj teeb kev lag luam pib nrog imitating txawv teb chaws mature technology. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, txheej txheem innovation yog lub ntsiab kev kawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus qauv lithium-ion kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog cov peev hauv kev lag luam hauv kev tsim kho tshiab, Tuam Tshoj Cov kev lag luam lithium-ion muaj peev xwm ua tau sai sai hauv kev tsim ua lag luam, thiab tau tsim ib qho kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam, thiab tau sau cov kev ua hauj lwm zoo nyob rau tej qhov chaw.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txoj Kev Kawm thiab Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Lithium Ion Battery Materials
Cov txheej txheem loj ntawm lithium ion batteries yog ib qho zoo electrode, ib qho tsis zoo electrode, ib qho roj ntsha uas muaj peev xwm ua tus lithium ions, thiab ib qho kev sib cais ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis pom zoo electrodes. Cov kev ua ntawm electrochemical ntawm lithium-ion roj nyob ntawm cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv electrode thiab dielectric cov khoom siv. Tshwj xeeb, cov kev xaiv thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv electrode ncaj qha los txiav txim tus yam ntxwv thiab tus nqi ntawm cov roj teeb ntsig txog lithium-ion.
Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cathode cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lithium ion roj teeb mas tsom rua lithium cobalt oxide thiab lithium nickelate. Tib lub sij hawm, qhov nce ntawm qee cov ntaub ntawv tshiab cathode (xws li Li-Mn-O cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom hluav taws xob polymers) kuj yog cov khoom siv cathode rau cov roj teeb lithium. Txoj kev loj hlob tau muab tso rau hauv kev loj hlob tshiab, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv daim teb no kom nrhiav tau ib txoj hauv kev tshiab los tsim cov lithium ion secondary batteries cathode nrog high voltage, muaj peev xwm siab thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv roj electrode ntawm cov roj teeb lithium ion tseem yog ib qho tseem hloov hlau oxides xws li LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4 thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Txij xyoo 2005 mus rau 2010, cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog ceev polymer cathode thiab organic sulfides thiab inorganic sulfide ua lithium ion roj teeb. Ib tiam tshiab ntawm cathode cov ntaub ntawv. Cov khoom siv roj carbon monoxide, nano-silicones, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv carbon yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tsis zoo rau cov ntawv luam tawm, thiab cov lithium metal alloys and nano -cim suab li tau kub kub rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev loj hlob. . Cov khoom siv electrolyte ntawm lithium ion roj yog siv los electrolyze nws cov solvent ua rau cov organic anhydrous, thiab lawv feem ntau siv mixed solvents xws li EC-DMC thiab PC-DMC. LiPF6 yog cov tshuaj siv ntsev ntau tshaj plaws.
Rau cov khoom lithium-ion roj teeb cathode, lithium cobalt oxide cathode khoom tseem muaj zog loj hlob yav tom ntej. Hauv qhov kev lag luam lithium-ion roj teeb tam sim no, lithium cobalt oxide roj yuav cia siab rau lawv cov nqi hluav taws xob txiav tawm thiab cov high-voltage solid density. Qhov zoo dua yog qhov tseem ceeb dua roj teeb rau cov khoom siv high-end 3C roj teeb; Thaum cov ntaub ntim Cov Khoom Uas Muaj Cov Khoom Uas Muaj Cov Khoom Uas Muaj Cov Khoom Uas Nyias Muaj Xwb Tsis Muaj Tsawg Siab, tab sis kuj muaj cov khoom ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, kev ruaj siab voj voog, kev kub thiab kev npaj siab. Nws yog zoo heev. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cathode cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv lub ntiaj teb tau nce xyoo ib xyoo. Nws tsis tau tsuas yog hloov qee cov ntaub ntawv sau ntawm lithium cobalt oxide cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj tau tawm hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm lub zog tshiab roj tsheb hluav taws xob. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cog lus tshaj plaws hauv cathode yav tom ntej. Nyob rau yav pem hauv ntej, txoj kev taw qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm lithium ion wire cathode tseem yog cov khoom los ntawm lithium cobalt oxide thiab LiNixCo1-x-yMnyO2 cov khoom. Lithium hlau phosphate thiab spinel manganese-based cov ntaub ntawv tsis tsuas muaj tsawg dua cov nqi thiab cov kev pab zoo, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo thiab kev voj voog ruaj khov. Lawv yog cov khoom siv cathode rau cov roj hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 / Li4Ti5O12. Lub cev hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ua tau sai sai thiab paug, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia taw kev tshiab ntawm lub zog tshiab roj tsheb hluav taws xob yav tom ntej. High-power density NCA cathode cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv high-end 3C khoom roj teeb thiab lub zog tshiab roj tsheb cov roj teeb, tab sis tus nqi siab, roj teeb qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam kev txwv tsis pub nws ntau cov ntawv. Lithium hlau phosphate, potassium manganate, thiab NCA cathode cov ntaub ntawv yeej ib txwm muaj nyob hauv ib qho chaw hauv cov qauv cathode khoom tam sim no. Cov txheej txheem lithium-nplua nuj manganese-based khoom yog cov ntxiv mus-industrial industrial cathode khoom nrog lub zog siab tshaj, thiab cov lag luam muaj broad daim ntawv prospects. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ua tsis taus thiab kev ua rau neeg pluag tsis zoo los ntawm nws tus kheej cov teeb meem tseem yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov neeg tshawb xyuas. Kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tob.
Txij li thaum ua lag luam ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium-ion hauv lub xyoo 1990, cov ntaub ntawv cov roj tau siv ntau nyob rau hauv cov roj teeb lithium-ion thiab tseem yuav yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau cov roj ntsha lithium-ion. Nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon tshiab, kev txhim kho yav tom ntej yuav tsom mus rau high-power graphite anodes thiab non-graphite high-carbon anodes kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej thiab cov roj hluav taws xob. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj feem xyuam rau cov roj teeb kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm tshiab yuav tsom rau kev tsim cov kev ua siab phem rau cov yeeb yam dub thiab cov kab mob sib kis tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov khoom tshiab carbon li nanotubes thiab graphene. Vim muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thiab ob sab seem sauv, cov nanotube cov tshuaj tua kabmob sib xyaw ua haujlwm tau siv ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov roj teeb lithium ion hauv xyoo tas los. Carbon nanotubes thiab graphene composite electrode cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv cov roj muaj peev xwm lithium-ion thiab cov roj teeb lithium-ion tom qab raug kho los ntawm kev tsim nyog electrochemical kev ua tau zoo thiab qhov ua zoo siv.
Lithium-ion roj teeb raws li txoj cai thiab txoj kev loj hlob
Lithium-ion roj teeb muaj peev xwm yuav muab faib ua 3 qho kev lag luam loj: lub khw muag khoom hluav taws xob, kev tsav tsheb, kev lag luam thiab kev siv hluav taws xob cia. Tus qub yog feem ntau hu ua 3C lub lithium-ion roj teeb, thiab ob tom kawg yog lub lithium-ion roj teeb lub lag luam.
Txoj kev lag luam ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb kev lag luam tau muab tso rau hauv 3C kev lag luam rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo, thiab nws tsis siv nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam rau lub zog loj thiab lub hwj chim roj (instantaneously tau ntxiv cov dej loj), uas npog cov ntshiab fais fab tsav tsheb thiab kev sib tw fais fab tsheb. Cov tsheb, nruab nrab thiab loj UPS, hnub ci zog, roj teeb txuag hluav taws xob loj, cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej aerospace thiab cov roj aircraft. Ib qho tseem ceeb yog qhov lithium cobalt oxide cathode khoom (LiCoO2, uas yog cov lithium ion batteries ntau tshaj plaws) uas siv cov roj teeb lithium yav dhau los yog kim thiab nyuaj rau kev siv rau tej qhov chaw tshwj xeeb xws li nqauv, kev sib tsoo, siab kub thiab tsawg kub. Qhov tseem ceeb, nws tau raug thuam vim qhov tsis ua raws li tib neeg txoj cai kom muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm, lithium cobalt oxide roj teeb tuaj yeem tsis ncav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev them nyiaj sai thiab ua kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa phem ntxiv, thiab yuav tsum npaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tsis txhob muaj ntau dua los yog tshaj tawm, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tawg thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj, txawm tias yog tawg ntawm cov roj teeb ntawm Sony ntiaj teb Lub hom lag luam NB cov lag luam tau ua lag luam zoo heev hauv kev ua ub ua ub no.
Tam sim no, ntiaj teb thiab suav cov roj lithium-ion roj teeb mas feem ntau yog nyob hauv tus neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis nws txoj kev ua lag luam yog qis dua. Xyoo 2012, 72.28% ntawm 38,767 kWh lithium-ion roj teeb muag thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub khw muag khoom hluav taws xob. Hauv Suav lag luam, tus nqi ntawd yog 65.40% (tag nrho cov kev muag khoom ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb yog 66.20 lab kWh). Xyoo 2012, tag nrho cov lithium-ion roj teeb rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes hauv ntiaj teb tau 108,600,100 kWh, uas yog qis dua 1.094.20 lab kWh hauv 2011. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv Suav lag luam, tag nrho cov lithium-ion roj teeb rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes nce los ntawm 6.30%. Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, smartphones yog hloov cov tsoos feature xov tooj. Tam sim no, feem ntau cov xov tooj smartphones muaj lub roj teeb rau tsawg tshaj li ib hnub, uas txhais tau hais tias txawm tias lub zog ceev ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb yog ob npaug, nws yog qhov nyuaj kom tau raws li qhov kev thov. Yog li ntawd, rau qee lub sijhawm tuaj, Lub lag luam mobile lub lag luam, cov neeg siv khoom hluav taws xob them nyiaj txhua lub sijhawm, yuav loj hlob sai. Nyob rau hauv 2012, lub ntiaj teb no thov rau 1.23 lab kWh mobile zog lithium-ion roj teeb, ntau tshaj 80% ntawm uas yog ua nyob rau hauv Suav teb, ntawm uas suav khw tau consumed 52.20 lab kWh, uas yog tus thawj coj hauv lub lag luam no. Tuam Tshoj lub ntsiav tshuaj PC lag luam tseem tsim kev kub ntxhov thiab tsis tshee. Qhov kev loj hlob txhua xyoo yog siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab hauv ntiaj teb no. Qhov nce hauv ntsiav tshuaj PC muag tau ncaj qha boost rau kev muag khoom ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb. Nyob rau hauv 2012, lub ntim muag ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb rau ntsiav tshuaj PCs hauv Suav hu 284,900. kWh, qhov nce ntawm 91.97%.
Lub lithium-ion battery siv nyob rau hauv industrial & zog cia kev lag luam yog mas muab faib ua peb pawg: cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, chaw nres tsheb mobile hauv paus chaw nres nkoj, thiab cua zog tiam. Nyob rau xyoo 2012, tag nrho cov khoom siv rau cov roj ntsha lithium-ion nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, qhov chaw ua lag luam thiab lub zog cia siv 4.736 lab kWh, accounting rau 12.25%; Tuam Tshoj txoj kev ua lag luam tag nrho ntawm 731,500 kWh ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb, qhov feem cuam yog 15.65%, uas yog siab tshaj lub ntiaj teb.